Collection and preservation:
- Guidelines for collection and preservation of sea anemones and other soft-bodied hexacorals:
Häussermann V (2004) Identifications and taxonomy of soft-bodied hexacorals exemplified by Chilean sea anemones; including guidelines for sampling, preservation and examination. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 84: 931-936, pdf (Copyright Cambridge University Press)
- Comparison of relaxation methods:
Moore SJ (1989) Narcotising sea anemones. J Mar Biol Ass UK 69: 803-811
- Comparison of fixatives:
Dunn DF (1975) Reproduction of the externally brooding sea anemone Epiactis prolifera Verrill, 1869. Biological Bulletin 148: 199-218
- some pages about preservation (compiled from different authors)
- Preservation of tissue for molecular work (ask for pdf):
Dawson MN, Raskoff KA, Jacobs DK (1998) Field preservation of marine invertebrate tissue for DNA analyses. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 7: 145-152
- In vivo descriptions of north Atlantic species, including information about taxonomy, collection and preservation (Introduction):
Manuel RL (1981 (revised edition 1988)) British Anthozoa. Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species. Academic Press, London, New York, Toronto, Sydney, San Fransisco
- Field guide of North East Atlantic soft-bodied hexacorals including information on collection and preservation:
Sebens K (ed) 1998. Marine flora and fauna of the Eastern United States Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Ceriantharia, and Zoanthidae.
Taxonomy:
- Key of genera:
Carlgren O (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungl Svens Vetens Akad Handl, Fjärde Ser 1: 1-121
- Williams RB (1997) Nomenclator Actinologicus seu Indices Ptychodactiariarum, Corallimorphariarum et Actiniariarum comprising indexes of the taxa, synonyms, authors and geographical distributions of the sea anemones of the world included in Professor Oskar Carlgren's 1949 survey. Zool Meded 71: 109-156
- General information including morphology, cnidae and preservation:
Stephenson TA (1922) On the classification of Actiniaria. Part III. - Definitions connected with the forms dealt with in Part II. Quart J Microsc Sci 66: 247-319
Stephenson TA (1928) The British Sea Anemones. Dulau & Co., Ltd., London
Stephenson TA (1935) The British Sea Anemones. Dulau & Co., Ltd., London
- Williams RB (1991) A selected bibiography of collective works concerning cnidarian and ctenophores (1961-1990). In: Williams RB, Cornelius PFS, Hughes RG,Robson EA (eds) Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Belgium, p xi-xiv
Histology and cnidae:
- Histological methods:
Humason GL (1967) Animal Tissue Techniques. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco
Pantin CFA (1946) Notes on microscopical techniques for zoologists. University Press, Cambridge
- Cnidae:
Carlgren O (1940) A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar 51: 1-62, ask for pdf
Carlgren O (1945) Further contributions to the knowledge of the cnidom in the Anthozoa especially in the Actiniaria. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar 56: 1-24, ask for pdf
- Comparison of different nomenclatures:
England KW (1991) Nematocysts of sea anemones (Actiniaria, Ceriantharia and Corallimorpharia: Cnidaria): nomenclature. In: Williams RB, Cornelius PFS, Hughes RG,Robson EA (eds) Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Belgium, p 691-697, ask for pdf
- Statistics for cnidae:
Williams RB (1996) Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria): statistical parameters and taxonomic relevance. SCI MAR 60: 339-351
Williams RB (1998) Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), II: further studies of differences amongst sample means and their taxonomic relevance. SCI MAR 62: 361-372
Williams RB (2000) Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), III: ranges and other measures of statistical dispersion, their interrelations and taxonomic relevance. SCI MAR 64: 49-68
Fautin DG (1988) Importance of nematocysts to actinian taxonomy. In: Hersinger DA,Lenhoff HM (eds) The biology of nematocysts. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, p 487-497
Acuña FH, Excoffon AC, Zamponi MO, Ricci L (2003) Importance of Nematocysts in Taxonomy of Acontiarian Sea Anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria): A Statistical Comparative Study. Zoologischer Anzeiger 242: 75-8, ask for pdf
Molecular methods:
Pinto SM, Fernandes-Matioli FMC, Schlenz E (2000) DNA extraction from sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) tissues for molecular analysis. Genetics and Molecular Biology 23: 601-604, ask for pdf
Shearer TL, van Oppen MJH, Romano SL, Wörheide G (2002) Slow mitochondrial DNA sequence evolution in the anthozoa (Cnidaria). Molecular Ecology 11: 2475-2487, ask for pdf
